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Anim Biosci > Volume 36(12); 2023 > Article
Article
Nonruminant Nutrition and Feed Processing
Animal Bioscience 2023;36(12): 1860-1868.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0193    Published online August 23, 2023.
Effects of dietary trace mineral levels on physiological responses, reproductive performance, litter performance, blood profiles, and milk composition in gestating sows
Hong Jun Kim1,a  , Xing Hao Jin1,a  , Sun Woo Kang1  , Yoo Yong Kim1,* 
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Correspondence:  Yoo Yong Kim, Tel: +82-2-880-4801, Fax: +82-2-878-5839, Email: yooykim@snu.ac.kr
Received: 22 May 2023   • Revised: 5 June 2023   • Accepted: 19 July 2023
aThese authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract
Objective
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of optimal trace mineral levels on the physiological responses, reproductive performance, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition in gestating sows.
Methods
A total of 59 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of four treatments with 14 or 15 sows per treatment using a completely randomized design. The treatments were 100% (M1), 300% (M3), 600% (M6), and 900% (M9) of the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. During lactation period, all the sows were fed the same commercial lactation diet.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the BW, BF, reproductive performance, milk composition, or growth performance of the piglets. On day 70 of gestation, the serum zinc concentration showed a quadratic response to M6 treatment (quadratic, p<0.05). Moreover, as the dietary mineral levels increased, the zinc concentration increased linearly at 110 days of gestation (linear, p<0.05). Furthermore, copper and iron concentrations in the serum of sows at 24 h postpartum decreased linearly when high levels of dietary minerals were provided (linear, p<0.05). In the serum of piglets, serum zinc concentrations decreased linearly (linear, p<0.05), and iron concentration showed a quadratic response (quadratic, p<0.05) with an increase in trace mineral premix levels in gestation diets.
Conclusion
The current trace mineral requirements of NRC (2012) are suitable for gestating sows, and the addition of dietary mineral levels in the gestating diet did not show any improvements during the gestation and lactation periods.
Keywords: Blood Profiles; Gestating Sow; Piglets; Trace Mineral Level
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