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Impact of stocking densities on growth, organ index, serum biochemistry, gut morphology and microbiota of young ducks in a rice-duck-crayfish coculture system |
Xiao Long He1,2 
, Zhen Hua Liang1
, Ze Heng Huang3
, Lian Bing Qi1,2
, Yan Wu1
, Jia Liu1,2
, Tao Huang1
, Jing Bo Liu2
, Jin Song Pi1
, Hao Zhang1,*
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1Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
2School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
3College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China |
Correspondence:
Hao Zhang, Tel: +86-15172520011, Email: 15172520011@163.com
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Received: 11 July 2024 • Revised: 4 October 2024 • Accepted: 9 December 2024 |
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| Abstract |
Objective
The rice-duck-crayfish (RDC) coculture system, an ecologically efficient breeding strategy that accommodates natural behavior of ducks and improves their welfare. The optimal stocking density and its impact on duck health in this system remains undetermined. The study examined the impact of stocking densities on growth, organ index, serum biochemistry, gut morphology and microbiota of ducks in RDC system.
Methods
A total of five hundred and forty 20-day-old Nonghu No. 2 ducks were randomly allocated based on density: low-density (LD; 8 birds/666.67 m2), mediumdensity (MD; 12 birds/666.67 m2) and high-density (HD; 16 birds/666.67 m2) groups, with three replicates in each group, and the symbiosis period was up to 40 days until rice tasselling.
Results
There were no significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, or feed:gain ratio between groups (p>0.05); however, the liver and spleen indices of ducks in HD group were significantly greater than those in LD group (p<0.05). The serum albumin concentration in HD group decreased, whereas creatine kinase activity increased (p<0.05). Additionally, the ileal crypt depth significantly increased and the ileal villus height and villus/crypt ratio significantly decreased in ducks in MD and HD groups compared to LD group (p<0.05). Moreover, the abundance of cecal Deferribacterota and Spirochaetota increased significantly (p<0.05), while the abundance of Firmicutes decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing stocking density. Moreover, the increase in stocking density significantly decreased the abundance of some beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Fournierella) and increased the abundance of some harmful bacteria (Mucispirillum and Brachyspira) (p<0.05).
Conclusion
These results suggest that moderately HD breeding doesn’t significantly affect duck growth, but increased stocking density led to changes in cecal microbiota and dysbiosis. Reducing stocking density positively affects immune parameters and ileum morphology. However, due to the limited number of total replicates of the study, further research is needed to validate the reliability of the results. |
| Keywords:
Duck; Growth; Intestinal Microbiota; Rice-Duck-Crayfish Coculture System; Stocking Density |
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